© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Theou
et al.
34
Table 5.
Fumigant toxicity of
Citrus limon
essential oil to larvae, pupae, and adults of
Tribo-
lium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope ± SE
LC
50
2
95% CL
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (240)
4.3 ± 0.5
21.5
12.0 - 51.7
2
5.5
3
25-day-old (240)
0.03 ± 0.01
77.2
71.7 - 82.5
2
3.2
3
31-day-old (300)
4.1 ± 0.57
85.0
78.0 - 92.9
3
7.2
Pupae
Females (240)
0.06 ± 0.01
51.3
48.4 - 54.4
2
2.1
Males (300)
7.0 ± 0.8
45.1
27.2 - 69.9
3
18.8
3
Adults 10-day-old
Females (340)
0.2 ± 0.02
35.5
31.9 - 39.5
3
12.5
3
Males (240)
0.2 ± 0.02
33.7
32.5 - 34.8
2
2.0
Adults 60-day-old
Females (240)
0.2 ± 0.02
31.9
26.3 - 35.9
2
4.0
Males (240)
0.3 ± 0.03
28.5
27.6 - 29.4
2
3.2
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Since the goodness-of-fit test is significant (P<0.1), a heterogeneity factor is used in the calculation of confidence
limits (CL).
Table 6.
Fumigant toxicity of
Origanum vulgare
essential oil to larvae, pupae and adults of
Tribolium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope ± SE
LC
50
2
95% f.l.
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (300)
1.0 ± 0.2
25.6
18.1 - 41.3
3
3.8
25-day-old (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
31-day-old (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
Pupae
Females (300)
4.0 ± 0.5
74.8
68.1 - 83.7
3
3.5
Males (300)
2.5 ± 0.4
73.0
63.7 - 84.5
3
3.2
Adults 10-day-old
Females (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
Males (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
Adults 60-day-old
Females (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
Males (120)
-
>165
3
-
-
-
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Indicates the higher dose tested, oregano essential oil vapour failed to provoke mortality even at doses up to 165
μl/l air.
1...,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35 37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,...52