K. Elena
et al.
20
for all types of imported propagation ma-
terial, essentially when the country of or-
igin is hosting the pathogen in concern.
Although efforts are continuing for the
eradication of CTV from the country, the
situation regarding PVY
NTN
is quite differ-
ent, as the virus is already widespread and
its control is only based on the use of rela-
tively resistant potato cultivars.
An important number (22) of the patho-
gens described in this review paper results
from survey work aimingmostly to estimate
the sanitary situation of vegetatively prop-
agated crops like fruit trees, grapevine, gar-
lic, onion, orchids, etc. The poor sanitary sit-
uation of these crops was demonstrated.
Production of healthy propagation mate-
rial remains the only method to control vi-
ruses and viroids perpetuated and spread
through infected plant material.
Last, it should be also pointed out that
the molecular techniques developed these
past twenty years and now applied in virol-
ogy labs greatly facilitate the identification
and characterization of viroids and viruses.
More than one third of the above described
pathogens can be detected in the laborato-
ry only by using molecular methods.
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